Hybrid warfare increasingly combines physical attacks, cyber operations and information manipulation with financial networks. The research explores how these activities are funded and where existing financial crime controls may be vulnerable.

Key findings at a glance:

1. Hybrid threats have multiple dimensions. Sabotage, cyberattacks and disinformation can operate together to disrupt infrastructure, institutions and public trust.

2. Finance plays a central role. Behind hybrid operations are financial flows used to recruit people, organise activities and acquire the necessary resources.

3. Existing controls face new challenges. Cross-border transactions, crypto, money mules and cash can create vulnerabilities that traditional AML approaches do not fully address.

4. A broader response is needed. The research considers how FATF, FIUs, governments and the private sector could adapt their approaches to better identify and disrupt financial links to hybrid threats.